8 tools
Environment
Orbital Heat Fluxes
Solar constant by season, albedo and Earth IR with the altitude-dependent view factor.
Heat Balance
Spacecraft Heat Balance
Single-node radiative equilibrium — hot and cold bounding case temperatures side by side.
Heat Balance
Orbit Transient Temps
Lumped-capacity temperature over two orbits — eclipse swing and time constant.
Rejection & Control
Radiator Sizing
Required area from rejected heat and temperature, plus the cold-case heater check.
Rejection & Control
Heater Sizing
Cold-case conductive + radiative losses → heater power, duty cycle and orbit energy.
Insulation & Conduction
MLI Heat Leak
Effective emissivity from layer count with flight degradation, and the blanket heat leak.
Insulation & Conduction
Conductive Couplings
Series kA/L path with bolted joints — total conductance and per-segment ΔT.
Reference
Coatings, Materials & Limits
Coating α/ε BOL→EOL, material k & c_p, component temperature limits, constants.