☀️ Solar Array Sizing Calculator

SMAD method · required array power · area & mass · BOL → EOL degradation

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Loads & Orbit

Cell & Array

Results

Required array power P_sa
– W
BOL output / m²
– W/m²
EOL output / m²
– W/m²
Lifetime degradation L_d
–
Array area
– m²
Array mass
– kg
BOL array power
– W
Specific power (BOL)
– W/kg

Array Power vs Years

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📖 How to use

  1. Bring the margined sunlight/eclipse loads and durations from the Power Budget tool; pick the bus topology (DET or PPT).从功率预算工具带入含余量的光照/阴影负载与时长，并选择母线拓扑（DET 或 PPT）。
  2. Pick the cell type — efficiency, temperature coefficient and typical degradation auto-fill (editable).选择电池片类型——效率、温度系数与典型退化率自动填入（可修改）。
  3. Set the operating temperature and worst-case sun incidence angle (0° for a sun-tracking wing; body-mounted panels see large angles).设置工作温度与最恶劣太阳入射角（对日跟踪帆板取 0°；体装式板入射角较大）。
  4. Read the required area and mass, sized at EOL — then verify the whole design closes in the Orbit Energy Balance tool.读取按寿命末期设计的面积与质量——再用能量平衡工具校核整个设计闭合。

SMAD array sizing method

Required array power (it must run the daytime loads and recharge the battery for eclipse):

P_sa = (P_e·T_e/X_e + P_d·T_d/X_d) / T_d

where X_e/X_d are the eclipse/daylight energy path efficiencies (DET: 0.65/0.85, PPT: 0.60/0.80).

Cell output per m²: P_BOL = S·η·I_d·[1+α·(T−28)]·cos θ with S = 1361 W/m², I_d ≈ 0.77 inherent degradation.

Life degradation: L_d = (1−d)^years; the array is sized at EOL: Area = P_sa / P_EOL.

All computation runs locally in your browser.

SMAD 帆板尺寸方法

所需帆板功率（既要供白天负载，又要为阴影期回充电池）：

P_sa = (P_e·T_e/X_e + P_d·T_d/X_d) / T_d

其中 X_e/X_d 为阴影/光照能量路径效率（DET：0.65/0.85，PPT：0.60/0.80）。

单位面积输出: P_BOL = S·η·I_d·[1+α·(T−28)]·cos θ，S = 1361 W/m²，固有退化 I_d ≈ 0.77。

寿命退化: L_d = (1−d)^年；帆板按寿命末期设计：面积 = P_sa / P_EOL。

全部计算在你的浏览器本地完成。